9. To analyse the acidic and basic radical in the given salt.(BaCl2)

Aim:- To analyse the acidic and basic radical in the given salt.

Physical Appearance:-

Colour - White

Smell - Odourless

Appearance - Amorphous

Dry heating test:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Take a small amount of salt and heat	White residue glows on heating.	Ba2+ may be present.

Flame Tests:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Prepare a paste of the salt with concentrated HCl. Paste small amount of this paste on platinum wire loop and introduce it into the flame	Perristent glassy-green flame.	Ba2+ may be present.

Identification Of Acid Radicals (ANIONS):-

Dilute Sulfuric Acid Test:-

No reaction

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Test:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Take a small amount of the salt with concentrated H2SO4 in a test tube.	Colourless gas, pungent smell. The gas gives white fumes with aqueous NH4—and white precipitate with aqueous NO3 solution.	Gas – HCl Possible radical - Cl

Confirmation of Acid radicals by wet test:-

Aqueous Solution: Shake a little of the salt with water. If the salt dissolves, this aqueous solution obtained is used for the wet tests of acid radical and is called water extract.

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Aqueous NO3 test: Acidify a part of aqueous solution with dilute HNO3. Boil for some time and then cool. After cooling add aqueous NO­3.	A curdy white precipitate is formed which is solute in NH4OH.	Cl- is present.

Wet test for basic radical (CATION):-.

Analysis of Group – Zero:

Procedure	Observation	Inference
The solid salts is heated with concentrated solution of NaOH.	No precipitate.	Group zero is absent.

Analysis of Group 1:-

Procedure	observation	Inference
If the normal solution is prepared in water add dilute HCl to it. In case the original solution is prepared concentrated, dilute the solution with water.	No precipitate	Group 1 is absent

Analysis of Group 2:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Take 2ml of the original solution in a test tube and make it acid by adding HCl and warm the content. Then pass H2S gas through the Kipp’s apparatus.	No precipitation.	Group 2 is absent.

Analysis of Group 3:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Take about 5 ml of the original solution and add 4-5 drops of concentrated nitric acid. Boil the solution for sometimes. Add 2g of solid NH4Cl and boil again. Cool the solution under tap. Add access of ammonium hydroxide to it and shake.	No precipitate.	Group 3 is absent.

Analysis of Group 4:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Take the ammonical solution and pass H2S gas through the solution.	No precipitate	Group 4 is absent

Analysis of Group 5:-

To the original solution add 2-3 grams of solid NH₄Cl. Boil, cool and add NH­₄OH till the solution smells of NH_4­Cl. Then add (NH₄)CO₃ solution. Appearance of white precipitate indicates the presence of fifth group cation. Filter and wash the precipitate with water. Dissolve the precipitate in not dilute acedic acid.

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Potassium chromate solution: To one part of the solution add a few drops of potassium chromate solution.	Yellow precipitate.	Ba2+ may be present.

Flame Test:-

Procedure	Observation	Inference
Perform the flame test with orginal solution.	A grassy green flame.	Ba2+ is present.

Results:-

Acid Radicals:- Cl^-

Basic Radicals:- Ba²⁺

The salt is BaCl₂